IoT is reshaping access control by replacing outdated systems with smarter, connected solutions. Instead of relying on physical keys or standalone keycards, IoT-enabled systems use mobile credentials, biometrics, and cloud platforms to manage access securely and efficiently. Key benefits include:
- Remote Management: Admins can grant or revoke access instantly via cloud platforms.
- Improved Security: Encrypted mobile credentials and biometrics reduce risks like lost keys or cloned cards.
- Automation: Systems respond in real-time to security events, adjust building functions like lighting and HVAC, and provide digital audit trails.
- Scalability: Adding new access points is easier and cheaper, thanks to IoT’s reliance on software and cloud infrastructure.
IoT access control also integrates with other systems, like video surveillance and cybersecurity tools, creating a connected network that enhances security and efficiency. Whether you’re managing a single building or multiple locations, these systems simplify operations while addressing modern security challenges.
Problems with Traditional Access Control Systems
Traditional access control systems rely heavily on outdated, manual processes. Administrators are often required to physically update each access point whenever an employee joins, leaves, or changes roles. This hands-on approach not only consumes time but also introduces risks – especially when offboarding is delayed, potentially allowing former employees to retain access longer than they should.
Another major drawback is the reliance on legacy hardware, which often locks organizations into specific vendors. This vendor dependency drives up the cost and complexity of upgrades. Proprietary equipment becomes a financial burden, especially when support ends, leaving systems outdated and hard to integrate with newer technologies. Research shows that maintaining outdated access control systems can increase maintenance budgets by as much as 15% annually.
Security is another weak spot. Traditional 125kHz proximity cards, for instance, are vulnerable to cloning by unauthorized individuals. Outdated door controllers further exacerbate the problem, as they often lack firmware updates, leaving them exposed to modern cybersecurity threats. As Nicolas Curotte, Product Marketing Manager for Access Control at Genetec, Inc., points out, "outdated devices and technology are more prone to attack".
Perhaps the most glaring limitation is the lack of real-time visibility. Traditional systems function in isolation, disconnected from other security tools like video surveillance systems or environmental sensors. When a security event occurs, administrators typically receive a basic notification in a cumbersome list format, with no supporting evidence or context. This makes quick responses and thorough investigations nearly impossible.
These challenges highlight the need for a more modern approach – one that integrates automation, scalability, and enhanced security through IoT solutions.
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How IoT Improves Access Control Systems
IoT technology has completely reshaped access control systems, turning them from simple lock-and-key setups into interconnected security networks. These systems now integrate physical security with digital infrastructure, automation tools, and data analytics. The result? A dynamic security system that reacts instantly, adjusts to threats on its own, and grows alongside your business. Let’s dive into how IoT enhances automation, scalability, and security in access control.
Automation and Real-Time Responses
IoT-enabled systems bring automation to a whole new level. With edge processing, these systems authenticate users instantly – even during network outages.
"By processing data at the edge, access control systems can authenticate users, analyze security risks and automate responses instantly, even when network connectivity is limited." – Mercury Security
When a security breach occurs, such as a forced door or unauthorized access attempt, IoT systems spring into action. They can trigger video surveillance to start recording, initiate lockdowns in sensitive areas, and send alerts with visual evidence to security teams. But the automation doesn’t stop there – these systems also communicate with HVAC and lighting systems, adjusting temperature and lighting based on occupancy data. This feature can cut energy costs by as much as 30–40%.
IoT access control also integrates with cybersecurity measures. For instance, if compromised credentials are flagged, the system can immediately disable access. Through cloud-based dashboards, administrators can manage permissions in real time, whether assigning, modifying, or revoking access across multiple doors. This level of control scales effortlessly as businesses expand.
Scalability and System Expansion
IoT makes scaling access control systems easier and more cost-effective. Traditional systems often require expensive hardware, extensive wiring, and on-site technicians for every new addition. In contrast, IoT platforms allow smart locks and readers to connect directly to your existing cloud network. Administrators can configure and manage these devices remotely, saving both time and money.
The rise of "Access Control as a Service" (ACaaS) shifts costs from large upfront investments to manageable monthly fees. This model not only reduces financial strain but also ensures flexibility.
IoT systems are built on open standards like REST APIs, BACnet, and MQTT, allowing seamless integration with other systems such as video surveillance and environmental sensors. Firmware updates can deliver new features and security patches without replacing any hardware, making upgrades simple and efficient.
Better Security Through Advanced Technologies
IoT access control systems combine multiple technologies to create a layered security approach. Multi-factor biometric authentication – using methods like facial recognition, fingerprints, or iris scans – offers far stronger protection than traditional key cards. In fact, mobile credentials, which are expected to be adopted by 75% of users by 2025, add another layer of security and convenience.
These systems also integrate with video surveillance, providing visual verification for every access event. This creates detailed audit trails that help with compliance and investigations. AI-driven analytics further enhance security by monitoring access patterns and identifying anomalies, such as tailgating or forced entries. Instead of just logging events, these systems actively detect and respond to threats. According to research, 92% of organizations see improved security and compliance as key benefits of IoT-integrated access control.
"AI will enhance security measures by identifying abnormal behavior, such as tailgating, leading to proactive threat detection and more robust security protocols." – Jeff Ross, Director of Marketing, ACRE Security
The shift to smartphone-based credentials using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Near Field Communication (NFC) eliminates the risks of lost or cloned cards. These digital credentials can be issued, updated, or revoked instantly, and they support touchless entry for added hygiene and ease of use.
Modern systems also employ the Open Supervised Device Protocol (OSDP) instead of outdated Wiegand connections. This ensures encrypted, two-way communication between readers and controllers, blocking credential skimming attempts. Combined with network segmentation and zero-trust architecture, IoT access control systems offer a proactive, adaptable defense against new threats.
Steps to Add IoT to Your Access Control System
Upgrading to IoT-enabled access control might seem daunting, but breaking it into smaller, logical steps can simplify the process. Start by evaluating your current setup, then carefully choose the right devices, and finally, bring everything together with a centralized management platform.
Evaluate Your Current Infrastructure
Before diving into IoT upgrades, take stock of what’s already in place. Begin by cataloging all access points – this includes main entrances, interior doors, server rooms, labs, or any other restricted areas. This step helps define the scope of the upgrade.
Next, determine whether your existing locks can support IoT connectivity. Some electronic locks can be retrofitted with smart readers, but older mechanical systems may need to be replaced entirely. Simultaneously, evaluate your network’s capacity to handle additional connected devices. Each lock, controller, and reader will need a unique IP address, so ensure your network infrastructure can scale.
Power and connectivity are other key considerations. If feasible, Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) simplifies installations by combining power and data in one cable. Alternatively, wireless options might be better suited for certain layouts. Also, verify protocol compatibility – open standards like BACnet, MQTT, or REST APIs allow IoT devices to communicate effectively. Lastly, perform a safety and compliance audit to confirm upgrades meet local fire codes and life safety requirements, especially for fail-safe and fail-secure configurations.
Here’s an example: Belgium’s national railroad company, NMBS/SNCB, upgraded access to high-voltage test areas (operating at 3,000 volts) by integrating RFID readers and signal indicators through IO-Link masters.
"The RFID system is very easy to implement. The RFID readers and the signal indicators are connected to IO-Link masters via IO-Link. These also provide power, so there’s not a lot of wiring involved." – Jimmy Volders, Project Manager at Dymotec
This setup allowed them to use a PLC to verify employee authorization levels before granting access to hazardous zones.
Once you’ve assessed your setup, you’ll be ready to choose IoT devices that meet your needs.
Select and Configure IoT Devices
The devices you select should align with the connectivity and power options identified during your audit. Start by deciding on the type of credential – mobile apps, biometrics, or traditional fobs – that best suits your operations. Your choice will determine the type of reader you’ll need.
An IoT-enabled system typically includes three components: a credential, a reader, and a lock. For credentials, BLE and NFC-based mobile options are gaining popularity, with adoption expected to reach 75% by 2025. Biometrics, such as facial recognition or fingerprint scanning, are ideal for high-security areas, while traditional fobs may suffice for less sensitive zones.
Choose readers based on the environment: smartphone-based intercoms for visitors, keypads for general interior use, and biometric readers for restricted areas. For locks, PoE options simplify installation, while wireless locks are perfect for retrofitting older buildings.
Assign unique IP addresses to all devices to ensure smooth communication. Incorporate multi-layered security measures like end-to-end encryption and zero-trust architecture, ensuring no device is trusted by default. These steps protect against credential skimming and unauthorized access attempts.
Take Engelhard Arzneimittel, a pharmaceutical manufacturer, as an example. They upgraded their production facilities by integrating RFID-based access control. Their evaluation led to outfitting 15 specific machine operating panels with Balluff read heads, enabling user authentication and access control directly at the machine level.
Use Centralized Management Platforms
Once devices are in place, centralize their management for streamlined control. A centralized platform allows for real-time monitoring and control of all endpoints. This means you can issue or revoke credentials instantly and monitor activity across multiple sites without being physically present.
Opt for a platform with hybrid cloud architecture to maintain door functionality even during internet outages.
Interoperability is key. Ensure the platform supports open standards like REST APIs for cloud integration, MQTT for IoT messaging, and BACnet for building automation. This enables your access control system to interact with HVAC, lighting, and elevator systems, creating automated workflows based on occupancy data. For instance, integrating these systems can reduce energy costs by 30–40%.
The platform should also help enforce cyber hygiene by flagging outdated credentials, revoked access, or suspicious activity. Configure it to send alerts to mobile apps or dashboards for immediate action in case of hardware failures or potential breaches.
For multi-tenant properties, integration with property management software can automate the resident lifecycle. When tenants move in or out, the system updates permissions automatically, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and saving time.
Traditional vs. IoT Access Control Systems
Traditional vs IoT Access Control Systems Comparison
Looking at traditional and IoT-based access control systems side by side makes it clear why so many organizations are making the switch. Traditional systems operate as closed-loop setups, where each controller works independently. This means any updates or responses to security threats require manual effort. On the other hand, IoT systems act as real-time security coordinators, automating decisions and syncing responses across connected video and sensor networks.
When it comes to credentials, traditional systems rely on static methods like physical keys, fobs, or cards – items that can be easily lost, stolen, or duplicated. IoT systems take a more advanced approach, using encrypted mobile credentials and biometrics, which are far harder to misuse. Jeff Ross, Director of Marketing at ACRE Security, highlights this shift:
"Modern access control systems have embraced cutting-edge technologies like biometrics, facial recognition, mobile credentials and IoT integration. This has elevated physical access control from a mere security-focused function to a powerful tool for data-driven decision-making."
Traditional systems also depend heavily on on-premises hardware and local servers, which makes scaling up both slow and expensive. IoT systems, however, leverage cloud platforms, allowing organizations to add or remove access points and update permissions remotely. This eliminates the need for costly on-site servers.
Another key difference is in system management. Traditional systems require on-site updates and manual audit trails, while IoT systems provide centralized dashboards that enable instant, remote management. Mercury Security underscores this transformation:
"Instead of simply granting or denying entry, modern access control is becoming a real-time security orchestrator, using embedded applications and edge computing to automate decision-making."
Here’s a quick breakdown of how traditional and IoT-based systems compare:
Comparison Table
| Factor | Traditional Access Control | IoT-Based Access Control |
|---|---|---|
| Automation | Manual; requires human intervention for updates and responses | Automated; real-time orchestration and event-triggered responses |
| Scalability | Hardware-dependent; requires physical upgrades and on-site servers | Software-driven; cloud-based scalability with seamless remote updates |
| Security | Static; vulnerable to lost/stolen keys and lacks real-time visibility | Dynamic; utilizes biometrics, encryption, and real-time audit trails |
| Management | Decentralized or local; managed via on-premises infrastructure | Centralized; managed through a single cloud-based dashboard or mobile app |
| Credentials | Physical (keys, fobs, cards, PIN pads) | Digital (smartphones, biometrics, QR codes) |
| Cost-Efficiency | High long-term cost due to rekeying and manual maintenance | Higher initial complexity but lower operational costs through automation |
Custom IoT Access Control Solutions by ESI Technologies
ESI Technologies brings over 40 years of experience to the table, offering custom access control systems powered by IoT. Whether it’s a single-door setup or a large-scale enterprise deployment, their solutions emphasize centralized management platforms. These platforms seamlessly combine electronic networks with physical hardware, allowing supervisors to monitor keycard usage and door activity through a unified cloud-based or on-premises interface.
Their biometric solutions stand out with touchless facial recognition that includes anti-spoofing technology, low-light functionality, and multi-factor authentication (MFA). Additionally, voice recognition provides contactless access without requiring major upgrades to existing systems. By eliminating the need for physical keys, a single fob or card can grant access to multiple areas, and compromised credentials can be quickly deactivated via the centralized system – saving time and money.
Mobile management tools enhance efficiency in incident response. ESI’s mobile apps enable real-time GPS tracking, photo documentation, and automated cloud synchronization, ensuring faster reactions and regulatory compliance. Administrators can remotely manage access credentials, including granting, modifying, or revoking them, all through a mobile-first platform. Automated scheduling further simplifies operations, ensuring public doors unlock during business hours and secure themselves afterward without manual effort.
ESI also offers 24/7 cloud monitoring to provide continuous protection. Their system detects threats in real time, distinguishing between normal access and forced entries. If a door is breached without valid credentials, security teams are immediately alerted. Integration with video surveillance allows personnel to review live or recorded footage alongside access logs for quick visual confirmation. Backup batteries keep access panels operational for 12–24 hours during power outages, far exceeding the U.S. average of 5.5 hours.
For organizations seeking advanced automation, ESI incorporates edge analytics and SOAR playbooks. These tools enable automated responses to security incidents, while network segmentation isolates IoT devices to limit potential cyber threats. This approach is particularly effective for sectors like government and healthcare, where stringent security and compliance standards are mandatory.
ESI Technologies demonstrates how IoT can reshape access control, offering tailored, forward-thinking solutions that address modern security challenges.
Conclusion
The Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping access control by introducing automation, scalability, and stronger security measures. With cloud platforms, businesses can manage multiple locations from a single, centralized system. Features like mobile credentials and biometric authentication help address the risks tied to lost or stolen key cards, offering a more secure and seamless experience.
Moving beyond standalone systems, IoT-enabled access control integrates with other technologies to create a real-time security hub. As Mercury Security explains, "Access control is now expected to interact with video surveillance, environmental sensors, intrusion detection systems and identity management platforms, making it a central point for both physical and cybersecurity policy enforcement". This interconnected approach not only locks doors but also automates building functions and ensures continuity during outages.
For businesses aiming to modernize, ESI Technologies leverages over 40 years of expertise to deliver tailored IoT access control solutions. Their systems combine centralized management with 24/7 cloud monitoring, demonstrating how advanced technology can align with operational needs.
Adopting IoT-enabled access control safeguards both assets and data while improving efficiency. With mobile credential use projected to hit 75% by 2025 and smart building integration yielding an 88% boost in operational efficiency, the real question is no longer if businesses should upgrade, but when.
FAQs
Will the doors still work if the internet goes down?
Most IoT-based access control systems, like those used by ESI Technologies, are designed to operate even without an internet connection. They rely on local or offline mechanisms to ensure continued functionality. However, features such as remote management and real-time monitoring might be unavailable until the connection is back online.
Can I use my existing locks and wiring with IoT access control?
Many IoT access control systems are built to integrate with existing locks and wiring, particularly when they use wireless or networked technology. This allows older buildings to be upgraded without requiring extensive rewiring, providing a more budget-friendly way to adopt modern, connected access control systems.
How do mobile credentials and biometrics reduce cloning and theft risks?
Mobile credentials and biometrics boost security by combining encryption, biometric verification (like fingerprints or facial recognition), and personal device integration. This approach makes it much tougher for anyone to duplicate or steal access credentials, ensuring that access stays both secure and tailored to the individual.